In the previous blog post, we discussed about various test design techniques. Equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are two specificationbased techniques that are useful in black box testing. Boundary value analysis in boundary value analysis, you test boundaries between equivalence partitions in our earlier example instead of checking, one value for each partition you will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and so on.
Learn equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis test case design techniques with equivalence partitioning examples and bva in testing i. For example, if you are testing for an input box accepting numbers from 1 to. As you all know that exhaustive testing of the software is not feasible task for complex softwares so by using equivalence partitioning technique we need to test only one condition from each partition because it is assumed that all the conditions in one partition will be treated in the same way by the software. Because we assume that, all the conditions in one partition behave in the same manner by the software.
Boundary value analysis is the next part of equivalence partitioning for designing test cases where test cases are selected at the edges of the equivalence classes. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique is one of the testing techniques. In this technique, only one condition to be tested from each partition. Most of us who dont know this still use it informally without even realizing it. Feb 15, 2020 equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques.
Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique toolsqa. For example for equivalent testing of a function that takes values between 1 and 12 say months of a year the partitions would be. Equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. To support daily releases, multiple operating systems, and multiple browsers, the development team qa and software engineers needs the capability to. Really well explained with good examples, thank you. Technically, because every boundary is in some partition, if you did only boundary value analysis you would also have tested every equivalence partition. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. What is boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning.
In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are divided into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior, so they are likely to be proposed in the same way. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique. What is boundary value analysis in software testing. In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the system are divided into groups. Aug 04, 2014 equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. Sep 22, 2016 in todays it world, the lines between developers and qa engineers are being blurred. Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. The equivalence partitions are frequently derived from the requirements specification for input data that influence the processing of the test object. To generate equivalence class test casesfor the next date function next date is a function consisting of three variables like. For example for a range of 199, the boundary values will be 0, 1, 99 and 100. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis bva are closely related and can be used together at all levels of testing. It divides the input domain of a program into classes. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning.
Do we need both equivalence partitioning and boundary value. Continuing the same example our partition will look like below valid partitions are values that should be accepted by the component or system under test. Lets see what has to say about boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning first. Test cases for input box accepting numbers between 1 and using equivalence partitioning.
Equivalence partitioning ep is a method for testing software programs. Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. This is a black box test design technique used to calculate the effectiveness of test cases and which can be applied to all levels of testing from unit, integration, system testing and so forth. The values at the extremes startend values or lowerupperend values of such class are known as boundary values. Equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. In equivalence class partitioning, set of input data that defines different test conditions are partitioned into logically similar groups such that using even a. The minimum and maximum values of a partition are its boundary values.
Dec 01, 2017 equivalence class testing introduction with solved example software engineering classes hindi and english. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example. Apr 29, 2020 boundary value analysis in boundary value analysis, you test boundaries between equivalence partitions. Equivalence partitioning in software testing test design. Equivalence partitioning is a basic black box test case design technique. Using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis in. With the emergence of agile, test driven development, continuous integration, and many other methodologies, software testing is becoming even more critical. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once. Equivalence partitioning is also a type of black box test design technique that involves dividing the input data into multiple ranges of values and then selecting one input value from each to calculate the effectiveness of the given test cases.
Regression testing can be applied to functional aspects of the software for example, a specific feature no longer works as expected in the new version, or nonfunctional aspects for example, an operation that performed well is very slow in the new version. Equivalence and boundary value following password field accepts minimum 6 characters and maximum 10 characters. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. You could find other testing techniques such as boundary value analysis, decision table and state transition techniques by clicking on appropriate links. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning equivalence partitioning is also a type of black box test design technique that involves dividing the input data into multiple ranges of values and then selecting one input value from each to calculate the effectiveness of the given test cases. Lets take a very basic and simple example to understand the equivalence partitioning concept. In this technique, we analyze the behavior of the application with test data residing at the boundary values of the equivalence classes.
Equivalence partitioning is a technique of software testing in which input data is divided into partitions of valid and invalid values, and it is mandatory that all partitions must exhibit the same behavior. Learn equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis test case design techniques with equivalence partitioning examples and bva in. Blackbox technique that focuses on the boundaries of the input domain rather than its center whenever the engineers need to develop test cases for a range kind of input then they will go for boundary value analysis. A type of specification based testing or black box testing technique, equivalence partitioning or equivalence class testing is a widely used method that decreases the number of possible test cases that are required to a software product. How to design test cases for testing equivalence partitioning. Jan 08, 2020 equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Example on equivalence partitioning test case design technique. Equivalence partitioning equivalence class partitioning ecp. Equivalent partition in software testing boundary value analysis.
Equivalence partitioning is based on the idea that it in many cases the inputsoutputs to a program can be chunked into groups or classes which have the same behaviour. Software testing techniques with test case design examples. Do we need both equivalence partitioning and boundary. Jan 08, 2020 boundary value analysis is a blackbox testing technique, closely associated with equivalence class partitioning. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning both are test case design strategies in black box testing.
Black box testing techniques equivalence partitioning. What is boundary value analysis bva of black box testing. Aug 12, 2017 30 videos play all manual testing software testing material boundary value analysis in software testing test design technique duration. We will also learn the pitfalls of equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning interview questions, answers and. One representative sample from each partition is picked up for testing since all the values produce equal and same output. Equivalence portioning technique in black box testing. A shorter definition is that in this method the input domain data is divided into different equivalence data classes. Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique basic testdesign technique that splits the input domain into classes of data. Testcase design with the help of equivalence partitioning technique has two steps.
It can be applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique to use first. The basis of boundary value analysis bva is testing the boundaries at partitions remember equivalence partitioning. Boundary value analysis is the next part of equivalence partitioning for designing. Considering the same example we used in equivalence partitioning tutorial an application that accepts a numeric number as input with value between 10 to 100. Black box test design techniques software testing material. While evaluating equivalence partitioning, values in all partitions are equivalent thats why 05 are equivalent, 6 10 are equivalent and 11 14 are equivalent. Using equivalence partitioning test design technique, we divide the test conditions into class group. Test case design by equivalence partitioning proceeds in two steps.
Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique that applies to all levels of testing. For example, a savings account in a bank has a different rate of interest. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis techniques are widely used in manual testing these days. Test case design with the help of equivalence partitioning technique has two steps. Apr 29, 2020 this black box testing technique complements equivalence partitioning. As an example, consider a printer that has an input option of the number of copies to be made, from 1 to 99. Qatestlab resources knowledge center equivalence partitioning testing equivalence partitioning testing.
To support daily releases, multiple operating systems, and multiple browsers, the. It is important to use equivalence partitioning with boundary value analysis because it provides more coverage to the testing. Equivalence partitioningep is a specificationbased or blackbox technique it can be applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique to use first. In our earlier example instead of checking, one value for each partition you will check the values at the partitions like 0, 1, 10, 11 and so on. All the data items lying in an equivalence class are assumed to be processed in the same way by the application when passed as input. Test cases are designed for equivalence data class. Jul 30, 2018 equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test. The word equivalence means the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function, etc.
In order to test the software that calculates the discounts, we can identify the ranges of purchase values that earn the different discounts. In this article we will discuss some basic test design techniques used to create better test cases, particularly boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning and how these. In equivalencepartitioning technique we need to test only one condition from each. Assume, we have to test a field which accepts age 18 56. You could find other testing techniques such as equivalence partitioning, decision table and state transition techniques by clicking on appropriate links boundary value analysis bva is based on testing the boundary values of valid and invalid partitions. While testing why it is important to do both equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis. Equivalence partitioning testing equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. While testing why it is important to do both equivalence.
Equivalence partitioning is a black box technique to identify test cases systematically and is often the first technique to be applied when designing test cases. You can save time and reduce the number of test cases required to effectively test inputs, outputs, and values. Equivalence partitioning is a software testing design technique that involves identifying a small set of representative input values that produce as many different output conditions as possible. We got 12 test values, 11 values belong to the valid partitions.
This article defines each of these techniques and describes, with examples, how you can use them together to create better test cases. From each partition of data, one test case is needed. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are linked to each other and can be used together at all levels of testing. Equivalence partitioning ep is a specificationbased or blackbox technique. So in above example, we can divide our test cases into three equivalence classes of some valid and invalid inputs. Software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of data from which test cases can be derived. Tutorial7 to generate equivalence class test casesfor the. Istqb exam questions on equivalence partitioning and. Equivalent partition in software testing boundary value. Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning qualitance. The equivalence testing needs to be supplemented with the boundary value testing. The set of input values that gives one single output is called partition or class. The synonyms for the word are equal, same, identical etc.
In this technique, the data fed into the software to be tested is divided into partitions of equal sizes. When designing the test cases for this software we would ensure that all the three valid equivalence partitions are covered once, and we would also test the invalid partition at least once. In this example there are two further partitions of invalid ranges. Tutorial7 to generate equivalence class test casesfor. Check the below link for detailed post on equivalence partitioning test case design technique equivalence partition. Proper black box testing case design equivalence partitioning. In this technique, we divide the system under test into number of equivalence classes and just test few values from each of class. What is equivalence partitioning in software testing.
To apply boundary value analysis, we will take the minimum and maximum boundary values from the valid partition 1 and 99 in this case together with the first or last value respectively in each of the invalid partitions adjacent to the valid partition 0 and 100 in this case. Equivalence class testing technique examples software. Let us have a look at a few examples which will give us an idea on how the equivalence partitioning works. Boundary value analysis is a technique to test boundary value between valid and invalid partitions in test case design. Equivalence partitions are also known as equivalence classes. It can be applied to any level of the software testing, designed to divide a sets of test conditions into the groups or sets that can be considered the same i. Below is an example depicting a clear understanding. Equivalence partitioning interview questions, answers. However, this is useable only when the partition is ordered, consisting of numeric or sequential data.
It can be used at any level of software for testing and is preferably a good technique to use first. Boundary value analysis technique is the process of picking the boundary values from each partition including first or last value from outside the boundary range too. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique software. Istqb equivalence partitioning with examples get software. Today lets concentrate on equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. Boundary value analysis test case design technique is one of the testing techniques. At the time of testing, test 4 and 12 as invalid values and 7 as valid one.
Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence partitioning how does equivalence partitioning. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique. Jul 23, 2019 equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test. This software testing technique base on the principle that, if a system works well for these particular values then it will work perfectly well for all values which comes between the two boundary values. Equivalence partitioning example grocery store example consider a software module that is intended to accept the name of a grocery item and a list of the different sizes the item comes in, specified in ounces. Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique basic test design technique that splits the input domain into classes of data. Pick a single value from range 1 to as a valid test case. The test case should have all valid inputs for this partition.
Istqb exam questions on equivalence partitioning and boundary. On combining boundary value analysis with equivalence partitioning we get the boundary value from each partition. Apr 16, 2020 boundary value analysis testing technique is used to identify errors at boundaries rather than finding those that exist in the center of the input domain. Jan 20, 2016 proper black box testing case design equivalence partitioning. The below example best describes the equivalence class partitioning. In this method, equivalence classes for input values are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. Equivalence partitioning is based on the idea that it. Hence selecting one input from each group to design the test cases. Equivalence partitioning is a software technique that involves identifying a small set of representative input values that produce as much different output condition as possible. The first step in equivalence partitioning is to divide partition the input values into sets of valid and invalid partitions. If one application is accepting input range from 1 to 100, using equivalence class we can divide inputs into the classes, for example, one for valid input and another for invalid input and design one test. Equivalence partitioning ep is a specificationbased or blackbox technique it can be applied at any level of testing and is often a good technique to use first. Equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. In this technique, you divide the set of test condition into a partition that can be considered the same.
Equivalence partitioning is a black box test design technique in which test cases are designed to execute representatives from equivalence partitions. Assumption is that all the conditions in one group works in the same manner. The specifications state that the item name is to be alphabetic characters 2 to 15 characters in length. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique. In todays it world, the lines between developers and qa engineers are being blurred. Dividing the test input data into a range of values and selecting one input value from each range is called equivalence partitioning. The different test cases must test the classes of the software continuously.